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Contents

Introduction xxxi Chapter 1 Networking Today 1 Introduction - 1.0 1 Why should I take this module? - 1.0.1 1 What will I learn to do in this module? - 1.0.2 1 Networks Affect our Lives - 1.1 2 Networks Connect Us - 1.1.1 2 Video - The Cisco Networking Academy Learning Experience - 1.1.2 2 No Boundaries - 1.1.3 2 Network Components - 1.2 2 Host Roles - 1.2.1 2 Peer-to-Peer - 1.2.2 3 End Devices - 1.2.3 3 Intermediary Devices - 1.2.4 4 Network Media - 1.2.5 4 Check Your Understanding - Network Components - 1.2.6 4 Network Representations and Topologies - 1.3 4 Network Representations - 1.3.1 4 Topology Diagrams - 1.3.2 5 Physical Topology Diagrams 5 Logical Topology Diagrams 5 Check Your Understanding - Network Representations and Topologies - 1.3.3 5 Common Types of Networks - 1.4 5 Networks of Many Sizes - 1.4.1 5 Small Home Networks 6 Small Office and Home Office Networks 6 Medium to Large Networks 6 World Wide Networks 6 LANs and WANs - 1.4.2 6 LANs 7 WANs 7 The Internet - 1.4.3 7 Intranets and Extranets - 1.4.4 8 Check Your Understanding - Common Types of Networks - 1.4.5 8 Internet Connections - 1.5 8 Internet Access Technologies - 1.5.1 8 Home and Small Office Internet Connections - 1.5.2 8 Businesses Internet Connections - 1.5.3 9 The Converging Network - 1.5.4 9 Traditional Separate Networks 9 Converged Networks 10 Video - Download and Install Packet Tracer - 1.5.5 10 Video - Getting Started in Cisco Packet Tracer - 1.5.6 11 Packet Tracer - Network Representation - 1.5.7 11 Reliable Networks - 1.6 11 Network Architecture - 1.6.1 11 Fault Tolerance - 1.6.2 12 Scalability - 1.6.3 12 Quality of Service - 1.6.4 12 Network Security - 1.6.5 13 Check Your Understanding - Reliable Networks - 1.6.6 13 Network Trends - 1.7 13 Recent Trends - 1.7.1 13 Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) - 1.7.2 14 Online Collaboration - 1.7.3 14 Video Communications - 1.7.4 14 Video - Cisco Webex for Huddles - 1.7.5 14 Cloud Computing - 1.7.6 14 Cloud Types 15 Technology Trends in the Home - 1.7.7 15 Powerline Networking - 1.7.8 16 Wireless Broadband - 1.7.9 16 Wireless Internet Service Provider 16 Wireless Broadband Service 17 Check Your Understanding - Network Trends - 1.7.10 17 Network Security - 1.8 17 Security Threats - 1.8.1 17 Security Solutions - 1.8.2 18 Check Your Understanding - Network Security - 1.8.3 19 The IT Professional - 1.9 19 CCNA - 1.9.1 19 Networking Jobs - 1.9.2 19 Lab - Research IT and Networking Job Opportunities - 1.9.3 19 Module Practice and Quiz - 1.10 20 What did I learn in this module? - 1.10.1 20 Networks Affect our Lives 20 Network Components 20 Network Representations and Topologies 20 Common Types of Networks 20 Internet Connections 21 Reliable Networks 21 Network Trends 21 Network Security 21 The IT Professional 22 Chapter Quiz - Networking Today 23 Your Chapter Notes 23 Chapter 2 Basic Switch and End Device Configuration 25 Introduction - 2.0 25 Why should I take this module? - 2.0.1 25 What will I learn to do in this module? - 2.0.2 25 Cisco IOS Access - 2.1 25 Operating Systems - 2.1.1 25 GUI - 2.1.2 26 Purpose of an OS - 2.1.3 26 Access Methods - 2.1.4 27 Terminal Emulation Programs - 2.1.5 27 PuTTY 28 Tera Term 28 SecureCRT 28 Check Your Understanding - Cisco IOS Access - 2.1.6 28 IOS Navigation - 2.2 28 Primary Command Modes - 2.2.1 28 Configuration Mode and Subconfiguration Modes - 2.2.2 28 Video - IOS CLI Primary Command Modes - 2.2.3 29 Navigate Between IOS Modes - 2.2.4 29 Video - Navigate Between IOS Modes - 2.2.5 30 A Note About Syntax Checker Activities - 2.2.6 30 Syntax Checker - Navigate Between IOS Modes - 2.2.7 30 Check Your Understanding - IOS Navigation - 2.2.8 30 The Command Structure - 2.3 30 Basic IOS Command Structure - 2.3.1 30 IOS Command Syntax Check - 2.3.2 31 IOS Help Features - 2.3.3 31 Video - Context Sensitive Help and Command Syntax Check - 2.3.4 32 Hot Keys and Shortcuts - 2.3.5 32 Video - Hot Keys and Shortcuts - 2.3.6 33 Packet Tracer - Navigate the IOS - 2.3.7 33 Lab - Navigate the IOS by Using Tera Term for Console Connectivity - 2.3.8 33 Basic Device Configuration - 2.4 34 Device Names - 2.4.1 34 Password Guidelines - 2.4.2 35 Configure Passwords - 2.4.3 35 Encrypt Passwords - 2.4.4 36 Banner Messages - 2.4.5 37 Video - Secure Administrative Access to a Switch - 2.4.6 37 Syntax Checker - Basic Device Configuration - 2.4.7 37 Check Your Understanding - Basic Device Configuration - 2.4.8 38 Save Configurations - 2.5 38 Configuration Files - 2.5.1 38 Alter the Running Configuration - 2.5.2 39 Video - Alter the Running Configuration - 2.5.3 39 Capture Configuration to a Text File - 2.5.4 39 Packet Tracer - Configure Initial Switch Settings - 2.5.5 40 Ports and Addresses - 2.6 40 IP Addresses - 2.6.1 40 Interfaces and Ports - 2.6.2 41 Check Your Understanding - Ports and Addresses - 2.6.3 42 Configure IP Addressing - 2.7 42 Manual IP Address Configuration for End Devices - 2.7.1 42 Automatic IP Address Configuration for End Devices - 2.7.2 42 Syntax Checker - Verify Windows PC IP Configuration - 2.7.3 43 Switch Virtual Interface Configuration - 2.7.4 43 Syntax Checker - Configure a Switch Virtual Interface - 2.7.5 43 Packet Tracer - Implement Basic Connectivity - 2.7.6 43 Verify Connectivity - 2.8 43 Video Activity - Test the Interface Assignment - 2.8.1 43 Follow Along in Packet Tracer 44 Video Activity - Test End-to-End Connectivity - 2.8.2 44 Follow Along in Packet Tracer 44 Module Practice and Quiz - 2.9 44 Packet Tracer - Basic Switch and End Device Configuration - 2.9.1 44 Lab - Basic Switch and End Device Configuration - 2.9.2 44 What did I learn in this module? - 2.9.3 44 Chapter Quiz - Basic Switch and End Device Configuration 46 Your Chapter Notes 46 Chapter 3 Protocols and Models 47 Introduction - 3.0 47 Why should I take this module? - 3.0.1 47 What will I learn to do in this module? - 3.0.2 47 Class Activity - Design a Communications System - 3.0.3 47 The Rules - 3.1 48 Video - Devices in a Bubble - 3.1.1 48 Communications Fundamentals - 3.1.2 48 Communication Protocols - 3.1.3 48 Analogy 49 Network 49 Rule Establishment - 3.1.4 49 Network Protocol Requirements - 3.1.5 50 Message Encoding - 3.1.6 50 Analogy 50 Network 50 Message Formatting and Encapsulation - 3.1.7 50 Analogy 51 Network 51 Message Size - 3.1.8 51 Analogy 51 Network 51 Message Timing - 3.1.9 52 Message Delivery Options - 3.1.10 52 Analogy 52 Network 52 A Note About the Node Icon - 3.1.11 53 Check Your Understanding - The Rules - 3.1.12 53 Protocols - 3.2 53 Network Protocol Overview - 3.2.1 53 Network Protocol Functions - 3.2.2 53 Protocol Interaction - 3.2.3 54 Check Your Understanding - Protocols - 3.2.4 54 Protocol Suites - 3.3 54 Network Protocol Suites - 3.3.1 54 Evolution of Protocol Suites - 3.3.2 55 TCP/IP Protocol Example - 3.3.3 55 TCP/IP Protocol Suite - 3.3.4 55 Application Layer 55 Transport layer 56 Internet Layer 57 Network Access Layer 57 TCP/IP Communication Process - 3.3.5 58 Check Your Understanding - Protocol Suites - 3.3.6 58 Standards Organizations - 3.4 58 Open Standards - 3.4.1 58 Internet Standards - 3.4.2 59 Electronic and Communications Standards - 3.4.3 59 Lab - Research Networking Standards - 3.4.4 59 Check Your Understanding - Standards Organizations 60 Reference Models - 3.5 60 The Benefits of Using a Layered Model - 3.5.1 60 The OSI Reference Model - 3.5.2 60 The TCP/IP Protocol Model - 3.5.3 61 OSI and TCP/IP Model Comparison - 3.5.4 61 Packet Tracer - Investigate the TCP/IP and OSI Models in Action - 3.5.5 62 Data Encapsulation - 3.6 62 Segmenting Messages - 3.6.1 62 Sequencing - 3.6.2 63 Protocol Data Units - 3.6.3 63 Encapsulation Example - 3.6.4 63 De-encapsulation Example - 3.6.5 64 Check Your Understanding - Data Encapsulation - 3.6.6 64 Data Access - 3.7 64 Addresses - 3.7.1 64 Layer 3 Logical Address - 3.7.2 64 Devices on the Same Network - 3.7.3 65 Role of the Data Link Layer Addresses: Same IP Network - 3.7.4 65 Devices on a Remote Network - 3.7.5 66 Role of the Network Layer Addresses - 3.7.6 66 Role of the Data Link Layer Addresses: Different IP Networks - 3.7.7 66 Data Link Addresses - 3.7.8 67 Host to Router 67 Router to Router 67 Router to Server 67 Lab - Install Wireshark - 3.7.9 67 Lab - Use Wireshark to View Network Traffic - 3.7.10 67 Check Your Understanding - Data Access 3.7.11 68 Module Practice and Quiz - 3.8 68 What did I learn in this module? - 3.8.1 68 The Rules 68 Protocols 68 Protocol Suites 68 Standards Organizations 69 Reference Models 69 Data Encapsulation 69 Data Access 70 Chapter Quiz - Protocols and Models 71 Your Chapter Notes 71 Chapter 4 Physical Layer 73 Introduction - 4.0 73 Why should I take this module? - 4.0.1 73 What will I learn to do in this module? - 4.0.2 73 Purpose of the Physical Layer - 4.1 73 The Physical Connection - 4.1.1 73 Network Interface Cards 74 The Physical Layer - 4.1.2 74 Check Your Understanding - Purpose of the Physical Layer - 4.1.3 74 Physical Layer Characteristics - 4.2 74 Physical Layer Standards - 4.2.1 74 Physical Components - 4.2.2 75 Physical Components 75 Encoding - 4.2.3 76 Signaling - 4.2.4 76 Copper Cable 76 Fiber Optic Cable 76 Wireless Media 76 Bandwidth - 4.2.5 76 Bandwidth Terminology - 4.2.6 77 Latency 77 Throughput 77 Goodput 78 Check Your Understanding - Physical Layer Characteristics - 4.2.7 78 Copper Cabling - 4.3 78 Characteristics of Copper Cabling - 4.3.1 78 Types of Copper Cabling - 4.3.2 79 Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) - 4.3.3 79 Shielded twisted-pair (STP) - 4.3.4 79 Coaxial cable - 4.3.5 79 Check Your Understanding - Copper Cabling - 4.3.6 80 UTP Cabling - 4.4 80 Properties of UTP Cabling - 4.4.1 80 UTP Cabling Standards and Connectors - 4.4.2 81 Straight-through and Crossover UTP Cables - 4.4.3 82 Cable Types and Standards 82 Activity - Cable Pinouts - 4.4.4 83 Fiber-Optic Cabling - 4.5 83 Properties of Fiber-Optic Cabling - 4.5.1 83 Types of Fiber Media - 4.5.2 83 Single-Mode Fiber 83 Multimode Fiber 83 Fiber-Optic Cabling Usage - 4.5.3 84 Fiber-Optic Connectors - 4.5.4 84 Straight-Tip (ST) Connectors 84 Subscriber Connector (SC) Connectors 84 Lucent Connector (LC) Simplex Connectors 84 Duplex Multimode LC Connectors 85 Fiber Patch Cords - 4.5.5 85 SC-SC Multimode Patch Cord 85 LC-LC Single-mode Patch Cord 85 ST-LC Multimode Patch Cord 85 SC-ST Single-mode Patch Cord 85 Fiber versus Copper - 4.5.6 85 UTP and Fiber-Optic Cabling Comparison 85 Check Your Understanding - Fiber-Optic Cabling - 4.5.7 86 Wireless Media - 4.6 86 Properties of Wireless Media - 4.6.1 86 Types of Wireless Media - 4.6.2 87 Wireless LAN - 4.6.3 87 Check Your Understanding - Wireless Media - 4.6.4 88 Packet Tracer - Connect a Wired and Wireless LAN - 4.6.5 88 Lab - View Wired and Wireless NIC Information - 4.6.6 88 Module Practice and Quiz - 4.7 88 Packet Tracer - Connect the Physical Layer - 4.7.1 88 What did I learn in this module? - 4.7.2 88 Purpose of the Physical Layer 88 Physical Layer Characteristics 89 Copper Cabling 89 UTP Cabling 89 Fiber-Optic Cabling 89 Wireless Media 90 Chapter Quiz - Physical Layer 91 Your Chapter Notes 91 Chapter 5 Number Systems 93 Introduction - 5.0 93 Why should I take this module? - 5.0.1 93 What will I learn to do in this module? - 5.0.2 93 Binary Number System - 5.1 93 Binary and IPv4 Addresses - 5.1.1 93 Video - Converting Between Binary and Decimal Numbering Systems - 5.1.2 94 Binary Positional Notation - 5.1.3 94 Check Your Understanding - Binary Number System - 5.1.4 95 Convert Binary to Decimal - 5.1.5 95 Activity - Binary to Decimal Conversions - 5.1.6 96 Decimal to Binary Conversion - 5.1.7 97 128 97 64 97 32 97 16 97 8 97 4 98 2 98 1 98 Decimal to Binary Conversion Example - 5.1.8 98 Step 1 98 Step 2 99 Step 3 99 Step 4 99 Step 5 99 Step 6 99 Step 7 99 Step 8 99 Step 9 99 Step 10 99 Step 11 99 Activity - Decimal to Binary Conversions - 5.1.9 100 Activity - Binary Game - 5.1.10 100 IPv4 Addresses - 5.1.11 100 Dotted Decimal Address 100 Octets 100 32-bit Address 100 Hexadecimal Number System - 5.2 100 Hexadecimal and IPv6 Addresses - 5.2.1 100 Video - Converting Between Hexadecimal and Decimal Numbering Systems - 5.2.2 101 Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversions - 5.2.3 101 Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion - 5.2.4 101 Check Your Understanding - Hexadecimal Number System - 5.2.5 102 Module Practice and Quiz 102 What did I learn in this module? - 5.3.1 102 Binary Number System 102 Hexadecimal Number System 102 Chapter Quiz - Number Systems 103 Your Chapter Notes 103 Chapter 6 Data Link Layer 105 Introduction - 6.0 105 Why should I take this module? - 6.0.1 105 What will I learn to do in this module? - 6.0.2 105 Purpose of the Data Link Layer - 6.1 105 The Data Link Layer - 6.1.1 105 IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Data Link Sublayers - 6.1.2 106 Providing Access to Media - 6.1.3 107 Data Link Layer Standards - 6.1.4 107 Check Your Understanding - Purpose of the Data Link Layer - 6.1.5 108 Topologies - 6.2 108 Physical and Logical Topologies - 6.2.1 108 WAN Topologies - 6.2.2 108 Point-to-Point 108 Hub and Spoke 108 Mesh 109 Point-to-Point WAN Topology - 6.2.3 109 LAN Topologies - 6.2.4 109 Legacy LAN Topologies 109 Half and Full Duplex Communication - 6.2.5 110 Half-duplex communication 110 Full-duplex communication 110 Access Control Methods - 6.2.6 110 Contention-based access 110 Controlled access 111 Contention-Based Access - CSMA/CD - 6.2.7 111 PC1 Sends a Frame 111 The Hub Receives the Frame 112 The Hub Sends the Frame 112 Contention-Based Access - CSMA/CA - 6.2.8 112 Check Your Understanding - Topologies - 6.2.9 112 Data Link Frame - 6.3 112 The Frame - 6.3.1 112 Frame Fields - 6.3.2 113 Layer 2 Addresses - 6.3.3 114 Host-to-Router 114 Router-to-Router 114 Router-to-Host 114 LAN and WAN Frames - 6.3.4 115 Check Your Understanding - Data Link Frame - 6.3.5 116 Module Practice and Quiz - 6.4 116 What did I learn in this module? - 6.4.1 116 Purpose of the Data Link Layer 116 Topologies 116 Data Link Frame 116 Chapter Quiz - Data Link Layer 118 Your Chapter Notes 118 Chapter 7 Ethernet Switching 119 Introduction - 7.0 119 Why should I take this module? - 7.0.1 119 What will I learn to do in this module? - 7.0.2 119 Ethernet Frames - 7.1 119 Ethernet Encapsulation - 7.1.1 119 Data Link Sublayers - 7.1.2 120 MAC Sublayer - 7.1.3 120 Data Encapsulation 120 Accessing the Media 121 Ethernet Frame Fields - 7.1.4 121 Ethernet Frame Fields Detail 121 Check Your Understanding - Ethernet Switching - 7.1.5 122 Lab - Use Wireshark to Examine Ethernet Frames - 7.1.6 122 Ethernet MAC Address - 7.2 122 MAC Address and Hexadecimal - 7.2.1 122 Ethernet MAC Address - 7.2.2 123 Frame Processing - 7.2.3 123 Unicast MAC Address - 7.2.4 124 Broadcast MAC Address - 7.2.5 124 Multicast MAC Address - 7.2.6 125 Lab - View Network Device MAC Addresses - 7.2.7 126 The MAC Address Table - 7.3 126 Switch Fundamentals - 7.3.1 126 Switch Learning and Forwarding - 7.3.2 126 Learn 127 Forward 127 Filtering Frames - 7.3.3 127 PC-D to Switch 127 Switch to PC-A 128 PC-A to Switch to PC-D 128 Video - MAC Address Tables on Connected Switches - 7.3.4 128 Video - Sending the Frame to the Default Gateway - 7.3.5 128 Activity - Switch It! - 7.3.6 128 Lab - View the Switch MAC Address Table - 7.3.7 128 Switch Speeds and Forwarding Methods - 7.4 129 Frame Forwarding Methods on Cisco Switches - 7.4.1 129 Cut-Through Switching - 7.4.2 129 Memory Buffering on Switches - 7.4.3 130 Memory Buffering Methods 130 Duplex and Speed Settings - 7.4.4 131 Auto-MDIX - 7.4.5 131 Check Your Understanding - Switch Speeds and Forwarding Methods - 7.4.6 132 Module Practice and Quiz - 7.5 132 What did I learn in this module? - 7.5.1 132 Ethernet Frame 132 Ethernet MAC Address 132 The MAC Address Table 132 Switch Speeds and Forwarding Methods 133 Chapter Quiz - Ethernet Switching 134 Your Chapter Notes 134 Chapter 8 Network Layer 135 Introduction - 8.0 135 Why should I take this module? - 8.0.1 135 What will I learn to do in this module? - 8.0.2 135 Network Layer Characteristics - 8.1 135 The Network Layer - 8.1.1 135 IP Encapsulation - 8.1.2 136 Characteristics of IP - 8.1.3 137 Connectionless - 8.1.4 137 Best Effort - 8.1.5 137 Media Independent - 8.1.6 137 Check Your Understanding - IP Characteristics - 8.1.7 138 IPv4 Packet - 8.2 138 IPv4 Packet Header - 8.2.1 138 IPv4 Packet Header Fields - 8.2.2 138 Video - Sample IPv4 Headers in Wireshark - 8.2.3 139 Check Your Understanding - IPv4 Packet - 8.2.4 139 IPv6 Packet - 8.3 139 Limitations of IPv4 - 8.3.1 139 IPv6 Overview - 8.3.2 139 IPv4 Packet Header Fields in the IPv6 Packet Header - 8.3.3 140 IPv6 Packet Header - 8.3.4 140 Video - Sample IPv6 Headers in Wireshark - 8.3.5 140 Check Your Understanding - IPv6 Packet - 8.3.6 141 How a Host Routes - 8.4 141 Host Forwarding Decision - 8.4.1 141 Default Gateway - 8.4.2 142 A Host Routes to the Default Gateway - 8.4.3 142 Host Routing Tables - 8.4.4 142 IPv4 Routing Table for PC1 142 Check Your Understanding - How a Host Routes - 8.4.5 143 Introduction to Routing - 8.5 143 Router Packet Forwarding Decision - 8.5.1 143 R1 Routing Table 144 IP Router Routing Table - 8.5.2 144 Static Routing - 8.5.3 144 Dynamic Routing - 8.5.4 145 Video- IPv4 Router Routing Tables - 8.5.5 146 Introduction to an IPv4 Routing Table - 8.5.6 146 Check Your Understanding - Introduction to Routing - 8.5.7 147 Module Practice and Quiz - 8.6 147 What did I learn in this module? - 8.6.1 147 Network Layer Characteristics 147 IPv4 Packet 148 IPv6 Packet 148 How a Host Routes 148 Introduction to Routing 148 Chapter Quiz - Network Layer 150 Your Chapter Notes 150 Chapter 9 Address Resolution 151 Introduction - 9.0 151 Why should I take this module? - 9.0.1 151 What will I learn to do in this module? - 9.0.2 151 MAC and IP - 9.1 151 Destination on Same Network - 9.1.1 151 Destination on Remote Network - 9.1.2 152 Packet Tracer - Identify MAC and IP Addresses - 9.1.3 153 Check Your Understanding - MAC and IP - 9.1.4 153 ARP - 9.2 153 ARP Overview - 9.2.1 153 ARP Functions - 9.2.2 153 Video - ARP Request - 9.2.3 154 Video - ARP Operation - ARP Reply - 9.2.4 155 Video - ARP Role in Remote Communications - 9.2.5 155 Removing Entries from an ARP Table - 9.2.6 156 ARP Tables on Networking Devices - 9.2.7 156 ARP Issues - ARP Broadcasts and ARP Spoofing - 9.2.8 157 Packet Tracer - Examine the ARP Table - 9.2.9 157 Check Your Understanding - ARP - 9.2.10 157 IPv6 Neighbor Discovery - 9.3 157 Video - IPv6 Neighbor Discovery - 9.3.1 157 IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Messages - 9.3.2 157 IPv6 Neighbor Discovery - Address Resolution - 9.3.3 158 Packet Tracer - IPv6 Neighbor Discovery - 9.3.4 158 Check Your Understanding - Neighbor Discovery - 9.3.5 159 Module Practice and Quiz - 9.4 159 What did I learn in this module? - 9.4.1 159 MAC and IP 159 ARP 159 Neighbor Discovery 159 Chapter Quiz - Address Resolution 160 Your Chapter Notes 160 Chapter 10 Basic Router Configuration 161 Introduction - 10.0 161 Why should I take this module? - 10.0.1 161 What will I learn in this

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